Kidney stones. Just the mention of them can make many wince in discomfort. These tiny, hard deposits can form in the kidneys and cause excruciating pain. While many people may have heard of kidney stones, not everyone truly understands what they are, why they form, or how they can impact the body. In this article, we’ll explore the science behind kidney stones, the rising incidence in Asia Pacific region, and what it's like to experience this condition.
Although kidney stones can vary in size, ranging from tiny grains to stones as large as a golf ball, they all share one thing in common: they can cause severe pain, particularly when they move or become lodged in the urinary tract.
The formation of kidney stones can be linked to a number of factors, including dehydration, poor diet, and certain medical conditions. They are more common in adults, but children and adolescents can also be affected.
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Hot and humid climate
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Lifestyle habits
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Dietary habits
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The pain often starts suddenly, usually in the side or lower back, and can radiate to the abdomen and groin area. In some cases, people may also experience nausea, vomiting, or blood in the urine.
For some, the stone may pass on its own, but for others, medical intervention is needed. If the stone is too large to pass naturally, or if it is causing severe symptoms, treatment options may include medication to help break down the stone, or in some cases, surgical procedures to remove or break up the stone.
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Natural remedies, such as lemon juice or lime slices in water, can help reduce stone formation due to the citrate content in these fruits. However, regular high-dose vitamin C should be avoided, as it can contribute to stone formation.
Staying hydrated plays a crucial role in preventing kidney stones, particularly in tropical climates. Hydration helps maintain adequate urine output, which is essential for stone prevention. To ensure sufficient hydration, patients are advised to drink at least 6 glasses of water daily or ensure their urine is clear rather than a strong yellow colour, which indicates proper hydration.
Dietary changes can also reduce the risk of developing kidney stones. High salt intake is a major risk factor, as is a calcium-deficient diet. Excessive protein intake can lead to uric acid stones, and in rare cases, an overabundance of oxalates in the diet may require reduction to prevent stones.
Medical intervention is necessary if kidney stones cause symptoms such as pain, infection, or blockage of urine flow. Intervention may also be considered for stones larger than 5mm, as they are less likely to pass on their own. For patients with recurrent stones or stones in both kidneys, a thorough evaluation is recommended to determine the underlying cause, followed by dietary modifications or medications to reduce stone formation.
Kidney stones can significantly impact health, causing severe pain, especially when they block the ureters. This pain is often described as worse than childbirth. The blockage can lead to kidney failure and severe infections. Even in the absence of obstruction, large stones can cause inflammation in the kidney, leading to kidney loss.
Dr Tan Yung Khan
Senior Consultant Urologist
Medical Director
Urohealth Medical Clinic
With kidney stone cases rising in APAC, it is crucial to take proactive steps toward kidney health. If you experience symptoms, consult a healthcare professional without delay.
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